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	REMM Site Map What Kind of Emergency? Radiological Dispersal Devices (RDDs) Radiological Exposure Devices (REDs) Nuclear Explosions: Weapons, Improvised Nuclear Devices Damage Zones After a Nuclear Detonation & "Zoned Approach" to the Response Radiation Triage, Treat, and Transport System (RTR) after a Nuclear Detonation: Venues for the Medical Response Damage Zones, Radiations Zones and Likely Rescue Activities After a Nuclear Detonation: Table Damage Zones after a Nuclear Detonation: Idealized Map Time Sequenced Size of Dangerous Fallout Zone and 0.01 R/Hour Boundary After a Hypothetical 10kT Nuclear Detonation at Ground Level Nuclear Reactor Incidents Radionuclides Likely to be Found in Nuclear Reactors and Spent Fuel Some Characteristics of Different Nuclear Reactor Designs Monitoring Radionuclides in Drinking Water and Food: Routinely and After a Release Transportation Incidents Involving Radiation Discovering an Incident Identify Types of Radiation Incidents Radiological vs. Nuclear Incident Initial Incident Activities Initial On-site Activities Control Incident Perimeter Identify Radiation Types and Isotopes Measure Levels of Radiation Continuously Protective Action Guides for the Public for RDD and IND Incidents Use Personal Dosimeter Radiation Control Zones and Perimeters Recommended by Various Agencies for Responding to Radiological Emergencies Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in a Radiation Emergency Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Classification Systems PPE Classification System from OSHA and EPA National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Protective Ensemble Classes PPE Image Gallery: Dermal Protective Equipment - Civilian PPE Image Gallery: Respiratory Protective Equipment - Civilian PPE Image Gallery: Dermal Protective Equipment - Military PPE Image Gallery: Respiratory Protective Equipment - Military Mission Oriented Protective Posture (MOPP) Gear: Military PPE Operational Impact, Requirements, and Administrative Costs of PPE Level of Risk to First Responders in a Radiation Emergency NCRP Commentary No. 19: Key Elements of Preparing Emergency Responders for Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism - Notes on Recommended PPE Guidance OSHA/NIOSH Interim Guidance - April 2005 - Notes on PPE Selection Matrix for Emergency Responders OSHA/NIOSH Interim Guidance - August 30, 2004 - Notes on PPE Selection Matrix for Emergency Responders: Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) Emergency Worker Exposure Guidelines in the Early Phase National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Radiation Protection Guidelines: Control of Radiation Dose in the Control Zones International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Emergency Worker Turn-back Dose Guidance Conference of Radiation Control Program Directors, Inc. (CRCPD) Turn-back Exposure Rates and Dose Guidelines International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) Guidance for Occupational Exposure Explaining Protective Actions and Protective Action Guides (PAGs) Exposure Pathways and Protective Actions Three Phases of the Response to an RDD or IND Triage Guidelines Triage Category and Cytokine (G-CSF) Use after a Nuclear Detonation Nuclear Detonation Scarce Resources Project Working Group Publications Triage Category and Cytokine (G-CSF) Use after a Nuclear Detonation (Interactive tool) Triage Category and Cytokine (G-CSF) Use after a Nuclear Detonation (Printable cards) (PDF -664 KB) Triage Category and Cytokine (G-CSF) Use after a Nuclear Detonation Help Definitions of Trauma Categories Descriptions of Myeloid Cytokine Categories Definitions of Medical Resource Availability Response Resource Availability and Standards of Care START Adult Triage Algorithm JumpSTART Pediatric Triage Algorithm SALT Mass Casualty Triage Algorithm, Adapted for a Very Large Radiation Emergency Establishing Patient Handling Flow Transport Victims of Radiation Emergencies to Appropriate Venue(s) Hospital Activities Other Audiences First Responders in the Field Mental Health Professionals Hospital Staff Public Information Officers Radiation Safety and Protection Preparedness and Response Planning Incident Command System and Hospital Incident Command System Practices and Drills Veterinarians About This Site What Are the Goals of This Site? Who Produced This Site? Disclaimers List of Consultants Join REMM ListServ Contact Us: Provide Site Feedback Download REMM to Your Computer Installing REMM on Mac System Requirements (e.g., Allow Pop-ups) Multimedia Library: Animations, Illustrations, Photos Radiation Concepts Learn the Basics: Video: Radiation Principles (HHS/CDC) Video: Types of Ionizing Radiation and Shielding Required (HHS/CDC) Contamination External Contamination Full Body Partial Body Wound Contamination with Radioactive Shrapnel Internal Contamination via Respiratory Tract via Digestive Tract via Radioactive Dust in Open Wounds Internal Contamination to Iodine-131 Through Ingestion Incorporation Exposure Whole Body Partial Body Dose Rate Effect of Radiation Exposure Types of Ionizing Radiation and Shielding Required Radiation Shielding - Illustration Alpha Radiation - Animation Beta and Gamma Radiation - Animation Neutron - Illustration Becquerel - Animation Electromagnetic Radiation: Ionizing and Non-ionizing Decay Rate/Half-life of Radioisotopes Atomic Number and Atomic Mass Decontamination Use of Shower for External Decontamination Decontamination Using Water from Fire Trucks Decontamination Facilities and Procedures Video: Decontamination of Children (HHS/AHRQ, Children's Hospital Boston) Personal Protective Equipment Tyvek® Suit Used by Responders During External Decontamination of Victims Radiation Survey Equipment Video: Screening People for External Contamination: How to Use Hand-held Radiation Survey Equipment — 4 videos about the equipment and how to use it. (HHS/CDC) Personal Dosimeter Acute Radiation Syndrome Time/Dose Effects in ARS Time Phases of ARS Time to Onset of Vomiting and Dose Hematopoietic Subsyndrome Treatment Radiation Effect on Blood Counts Lymphocyte Depletion Kinetics Graph (used to estimate whole-body dose) Radiation Effects on Blood Counts (1) Radiation Effects on Blood Counts (2) Chromosome Aberrations - Dicentric Chromosomes (1) Chromosome Aberrations - Dicentric Chromosomes (2) Conventional Lymphocyte Metaphase-Dicentric Assay Scoring of Dicentrics Video: Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Process (REAC/TS) Radiation Safety Factors That Decrease Radiation from Exposure Types of Ionizing Radiation and Shielding Required Video: Types of Ionizing Radiation and Shielding Required (HHS/CDC) Personal Protective Clothing Tyvek® Suit Used by Responders During External Decontamination of Victims Examples of Radiation Signs and Symbols for Work Areas, Buildings, Transportation of Cargo Video: Onsite Management and Transport of Contaminated Patients (DHS/FEMA and DOE/TEPP) Radiation Survey Equipment Personal Dosimeter Radiation Detection Devices Video: Screening People for External Contamination: How to Use Hand-held Radiation Survey Equipment — 4 videos about the equipment and how to use it. (HHS/CDC) How to Perform a Survey for Radiation Contamination Body Chart for Recording Results of Radiation Survey (PDF - 49 KB) Clinical Pictures How to Recognize and Initially Respond to an Accidental Radiation Injury (PDF - 436 KB) Thermal Skin Burns: Example after Nuclear Blast Cutaneous Radiation Syndrome - Gallery of Clinical Photographs (Flash - 11 MB) Radiation Control Zones Establish locations for field activities Establish Patient Handling Flow Flow chart example of community reception center with potentially contaminated victims (PDF - 2.68 MB) (REAC/TS) National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Radiation Protection Perimeter Guidelines Definition of Radiation Area Boundaries Control Zone in the Emergency Department Prototype for Zones to Handle Staff/Patients in Medical Facility at Mass Casualty Incident Nuclear Explosions Nuclear Explosion: Mushroom Cloud Approximate Prompt and Delayed Fallout Effects from a 10 kT Detonation - Illustration How Energy Is Dispersed after Nuclear Explosion: Approximate Zones of Damage after Nuclear Explosion: Generalized Blast Range and Significant Effects Estimated Fallout Pattern from Nuclear Air Burst Factors That Affect Fallout Fallout: Relative Rate of Decline of Radioactive Activity after Nuclear Explosion How Blast Injuries Cause Trauma Flash Blindness Retinal Burn Thermal Skin Burns: Example after Nuclear Blast How Buildings Provide Shielding from a Nuclear Explosion How Nuclear Explosions Affect Dwellings: Examples Size of the Event and Potential Affected Areas Radiological Dispersal Devices (RDDs) Dirty Bomb: Radiological Dispersal Device Using Explosive Dispersal of Radioactive Material by Aircraft RDD: Major Pathways of Release and Interaction Dirty Bombs: Slates, B-roll, and Sound Bites for Broadcast Media Use (HHS/CDC) Radiological Exposure Devices (REDs) - Hidden Sealed Source Hidden Sealed Radioactive Source (Radiological Exposure Device) in Train Car Video Tutorials Mobile REMM App Time Phases of ARS Time/Dose Effects in ARS Dose Estimator for Exposure Manage 4 Subsyndromes of ARS Nuclear Detonation Scarce Resources Triage Tool Contamination: Diagnose/Manage Exposure: Diagnose/Manage ARS Miscellaneous Example of a Commercial CBRNE Triage Tag (Wikipedia) Patient Management Choose Appropriate Algorithm: Evaluate for Contamination and/or Exposure Contamination: Diagnose/Manage Management Modifiers for Contamination Algorithm Decontamination Procedures Standard Precautions Managing Internal Contamination Isotopes of Interest: Properties, Treatment, and Fact Sheets Radiation Countermeasures for Treatment of Internal Contamination Countermeasures: Internal Contamination Caveats about Radiation Countermeasures for Treatment of Internal Contamination Total Body Radiation Survey with Modified Hospital Nuclear Medicine Equipment Swab Each Nostril Separately to Help Estimate Level of Internal (Lung) Contamination Ammonium Chloride Ca-DTPA/Zn-DTPA Calcium Calcium Gluconate Dimercaprol Potassium Iodide (KI) Follow-up for Patients Exposed to I-131 Potassium Phosphate, Dibasic Propylthiouracil Prussian Blue Sodium Alginate Sodium Bicarbonate Exposure: Diagnose/Manage Acute Radiation Syndrome Diagnosis Frequency of Serial CBCs with Differential and Platelet Count Radiation Effects on Blood Counts (1) Radiation Effects on Blood Counts (2) Dose Reconstruction Targeted Physical Examination Dose Estimator (Biodosimetry Tools) Explaining Biodosimetry About Time to Onset of Vomiting About Lymphocyte Depletion Kinetics About Dicentric Chromosome Assays About the REMM Dose Estimator for Exposure Management Management Modifiers for Exposure Algorithm Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) Manage Subsyndromes of Acute Radiation Syndrome Response Category of Acute Radiation Syndrome - Overview Treat Acute Radiation Syndrome Countermeasures: Exposure Hematopoietic Subsyndrome Treatment White Cell Growth Factors/Cytokines Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Guidelines for Use of Antiemetics Time Phases of ARS Time/Dose Effects in ARS Cutaneous Radiation Syndrome Simulated Radiological Exposure Device (RED) on Skin Illustrating Dose Attenuation Gallery of Clinical Photographs (Flash - 11 MB) Exposure + Contamination Management Modifiers for Exposure + Contamination Algorithm No Contamination or Exposure Multi-organ Injury, Multi-organ Dysfunction Syndrome, Multi-organ Failure: A New Hypothesis about Whole Body Radiation Effects Strategic National Stockpile Management Modifiers Burn Triage and Treatment: Thermal Injuries Radiation + Trauma (Combined Injury) Mass Casualty Psychological Issues At-Risk / Special Needs Populations Tools and Guidelines Dose Estimator (Biodosimetry Tools) Template for Hospital Orders in a Radiation Event Use of Blood Products Follow-up Instructions for Individuals Involved in a Radiological/Nuclear Event Population Monitoring Management of the Deceased Develop a Radiation Response Plan Equip an Emergency Department for Decontamination Recovery / Resilience after an Incident How to Volunteer New Users: Where Do I Start? Initial Learning Objectives for New Users of REMM Print Algorithms & Tables Reference/Data Center Training and Education Dictionary of Radiation Terms Multimedia Library: Animations, Illustrations, Photos Emergency Contacts Abbreviations Understanding Radiation Sources of Radiological/Nuclear Information Medical Management Printed Publications About Radiation Events Isotopes and Countermeasures Nuclear Weapons, Improvised Nuclear Devices, and Radiological Dispersal Devices Pregnancy, Infants, and Children Hematologic Suppport Late Effects of Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation Radiation Skin Effects Civilian Government Agencies Military Government Resources International Agencies with Radiological Expertise Professional Group Publications Public Health Issues National, State, and Hospital Planning Radiation Safety Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site (REAC/TS) Information Federal Protective Action Guides (PAGs) for Radiation Events History of Radiation Events Algorithms and Interactive Tools Patient Management Algorithms Evaluate for Contamination and/or Exposure Contamination: Diagnose/Manage Exposure: Diagnose/Manage Acute Radiation Syndrome Exposure + Contamination No Contamination or Exposure Triage Algorithms START Adult Triage Algorithm JumpSTART Pediatric Triage Algorithm Event Management Algorithms Discovering an Incident Identify Types of Radiation Incidents Establish Patient Handling Flow Prototype for Zones to Handle Staff/Patients in Medical Facility at Mass Casualty Incident Interactive Tools Dose Estimator (Biodosimetry Tools) Manage Subsyndromes of Acute Radiation Syndrome Quick Links New Users: Where Do I Start? What's New on REMM Emergency Contacts Patient Management Algorithms Dose Estimator for Exposure Dictionary Isotopes of Interest Countermeasures: Internal Contamination Countermeasures: Exposure Decontamination Procedures Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) Hematopoietic Subsyndrome Cutaneous Radiation Syndrome Manage ARS Subsyndromes Time/Dose Effects in ARS Time Phases of ARS Strategic National Stockpile Scarce Resources Triage Tool Multimedia Library: Animations, Illustrations, Photos Print Algorithms & Tables Download REMM (1/2012) Download Mobile REMM (1/2012)

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